
FEDUPREPVET, Turned Independent
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Anyone wishing to be removed from these mailings, just email ArizonaSentinel@aol.com, and you will be deleted. And if you are receiving these twice let me know .
President Elect Obama: Sent to the Transition Team December 2008
First, below my plan is a doc that everyone needs to be familiar with regarding the negative side of the electric car. In the ninties , we worked on converting a 86 mustang to an electric car and ran into the problems described below. Electric certainly has a future for commuting vehicles, however, forty-thousand dollars for that car is unrealistic.
Now, I have submitted the following to the Arizona legislature for consideration and am in the process of working on a meeting with the Apache tribe here in AZ.
The plan is this, First, in America, we have millions of acres of land that is in what is called the CRP or the Federally subsidized Crop Reduction Program, which takes land out of production and the farmer is paid to keep the land basically idle. Also we have tens of thousands of federally managed lands that have been burnt, due to wildfires, cause by mismanagement of the forest service. These acres need to be planted in Switch Grass, which can be converted into bio diesel fuel, ethanol and a variety of by products including residue that can be used to produce electrical energy. Switch grass produces 20 times the energy as that of corn. We all ready have the technology, we could be producing this fuel during the next growing season, If they will just type Switch Grass into there browser, they can look at several articles regarding switch grass studies and test plots, one in Alabama is especially interesting.
States have the natural resources with in them to generate thousands of jobs, generating renewable energies,… An example of what can be done is the programs and projects that the Commissioner of Natural Resources in the state of Washington has implemented in his State. I refer you to Commissioner Doug Sutherland.
As I mentioned I am working on a meeting with the Apache tribe. Although I have submitted it to the legislature in AZ, Working with the tribe will be faster, because we wont have to deal with, political, beuarcratic,and agency interference’s. I would also suggest that your team interview Richard Branson,. What Richard understands is that at some point we will need renewable fuels that in fact will burn in combustion and turbine engines.
If your team is interested, I will keep them up to date on our progress at the state level and with the Tribes here in Arizona.
Bruce Olsen Overgaard AZ 928 240 0474
Below it the document I mentioned above
March 7, 2007
Prius Outdoes Hummer in Environmental Damage
By Staff writer; Cris Demorro
The Toyota Prius has become the flagship car for those in our society so environmentally conscious that they are willing to spend a premium to show the world how much they care. Unfortunately for them, their ultimate ‘green car’ is the source of some of the worst pollution in North America; it takes more combined energy per Prius to produce than a Hummer.
Before we delve into the seedy underworld of hybrids, you must first understand how a hybrid works. For this, we will use the most popular hybrid on the market, the Toyota Prius.
The Prius is powered by not one, but two engines: a standard 76 horsepower, 1.5-liter gas engine found in most cars today and a battery- powered engine that deals out 67 horsepower and a whooping 295ft/lbs of torque, below 2000 revolutions per minute.
Essentially, the Toyota Synergy Drive system, as it is so called, propels the car from a dead stop to up to 30mph.
This is where the largest percent of gas is consumed. As any physics major can tell you, it takes more energy to get an object moving than to keep it moving. The battery is recharged through the braking system, as well as when the gasoline engine takes over anywhere north of 30mph. It seems like a great energy efficient and environmentally sound car, right?
You would be right if you went by the old government EPA estimates, which netted the Prius an incredible 60 miles per gallon in the city and 51 miles per gallon on the highway.
Unfortunately for Toyota, the government realized how unrealistic their EPA tests were, which consisted of highway speeds limited to 55mph and acceleration of only 3.3 mph per second.
The new tests which affect all 2008 models give a much more realistic rating with highway speeds of 80mph and acceleration of 8mph per second. This has dropped the Prius’s EPA down by 25 percent to an average of 45mpg. This now puts the Toyota within spitting distance of cars like the Chevy Aveo, which costs less then half what the Prius costs.
However, if that was the only issue with the Prius, I wouldn’t be writing this article. It gets much worse.
Building a Toyota Prius causes more environmental damage than a Hummer that is on the road for three times longer than a Prius. As already noted, the Prius is partly driven by a battery which contains nickel. The nickel is mined and smelted at a plant in Sudbury, Ontario.
This plant has caused so much environmental damage to the surrounding environment that NASA has used the ‘dead zone’ around the plant to test moon rovers. The area around the plant is devoid of any life for miles.
The plant is the source of all the nickel found in a Prius’ battery and Toyota purchases 1,000 tons annually. Dubbed the Superstack, the plague-factory has spread sulfur dioxide across northern Ontario, becoming every environmentalist’s nightmare.
“The acid rain around Sudbury was so bad it destroyed all the plants and the soil slid down off the hillside,” said Canadian Greenpeace energy-coordinator David Martin during an interview with Mail, a British-based newspaper.
All of this would be bad enough in and of itself; however, the journey to make a hybrid doesn’t end there. The nickel produced by this disastrous plant is shipped via massive container ship to the largest nickel refinery in Europe.
From there, the nickel hops over to China to produce ‘nickel foam.’ From there, it goes to Japan. Finally, the completed batteries are shipped to the United States, finalizing the around-the-world trip required to produce a single Prius battery. Are these not sounding less and less like environmentally sound cars and more like a farce?
Wait, I haven’t even got to the best part yet.
When you pool together all the combined energy it takes to drive and build a Toyota Prius, the flagship car of energy fanatics, it takes almost 50 percent more energy than a Hummer – the Prius’s arch nemesis.
Through a study by CNW Marketing called “Dust to Dust,” the total combined energy is taken from all the electrical, fuel, transportation, materials (metal, plastic, etc) and hundreds of other factors over the expected lifetime of a vehicle.
The Prius costs an average of $3.25 per mile driven over a lifetime of 100,000 miles – the expected lifespan of the Hybrid.
The Hummer, on the other hand, costs a more fiscal $1.95 per mile to put on the road over an expected lifetime of 300,000 miles. That means the Hummer will last three times longer than a Prius and use less combined energy doing it.
So, if you are really an environmentalist – ditch the Prius. Instead, buy one of the most economical cars available – a Toyota Scion xB. The Scion only costs a paltry $0.48 per mile to put on the road. If you are still obsessed over gas mileage – buy a Chevy Aveo and fix that lead foot.
One last fun fact for you: it takes five years to offset the premium price of a Prius. Meaning, you have to wait 60 months to save any money over a non-hybrid car because of lower gas expenses.
http://clubs.ccsu.edu/recorder/editorial/print_item.asp?NewsID=188
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Tuesday, October 28, 2008
Economic Revitalization Plan for Arizona and other states as well
With the recent economic problems forecast-ed to become worse and the prediction by experts that it may take several years to recover from, states, counties, cities and citizens are starting to feel the effects. The State of Arizona is almost $2 billion dollars in the red and mines and businesses are laying off workers at a rate that hasn’t been seen since the Great Depression.
Our country has become a consumer nation, instead of the producer nation we once were. When we no longer have money to consume, everything is negatively affected. This plan proposes that states become less dependent on Federal government money and start producing products again.
The first item of this plan proposes that the State retake control and management of all lands within the state, excluding any land currently in title to the U.S. government, including monuments, military installations, and post offices. This includes all public forests.
The second item states that the State Forestry Agency will re institute the logging and timber industry and develop sustainable logging and thinning projects that will generate revenue. The third item states that the state will use a portion of the revenue generated by those projects to remove undergrowth and decrease the chances of catastrophic wildfires and increase the health of the forests. (Water sheds , former stream beds will be cleared ,allowing them retain water runoff adding to the sustainability of our aquifers.) These thinning s will be sent to new industries created to use the fuels for biofuels and wood products. This will generate jobs and revenues for counties as well as the state.
The fourth item will reopen all roads and trails in the forests that existed prior to 1976. Access to all areas of the forest lands will be crucial for the success of this plan. Counties will help decide these issues in their territories.
Fifth: The state will establish an Aerial Alert Team, consisting of a minimum of 2 C130s for wild fire suppression. These aircraft will cover the entire state and can be leased to other western states on a cost plus 15% basis. The planes will be on a 90 minute alert status and respond before fires get out of control. They will be equipped with heat seeking equipment and will be used as transport delivery systems, not combat operations. The state will own and operate the aircraft under the management of the state forestry agency. (The State will lease the aircraft , currently in surplus, @ $1.00 per year from the Department of Defense for a period not to expected to exceed 4 years . ) This rate reflects the fact that the Federal Government is directly responsible for the destruction and condition of our forest lands.
Sixth: The state will create tax incentives for the production of biofuels. Seventh: The state will study the viability of planting switch grass fields in burned out forest areas as well as other areas of the state.
Switch grass is an alternative to corn and other grain crops and can be grown under most conditions. It doesn’t need to take up agricultural lands and no pesticides or chemicals are needed to grow it. The grass grows up to 10 feet tall with a root system that extends 10 feet into the ground. Planting is required one time in 8-10 years. Switch Grass can be harvested with minimal equipment twice a year in most areas and is bug and drought resistant.
Switch grass generates 20 times the energy as that of corn. It puts nitrogen back into the soil instead of depleting the soil nutrients like other food crops. Up to 15 tons can be cultivated per acre, which equals about 1500 gallons of renewable bio-fuels per acre. The residue from the switch grass can be used to create electricity and helps to control erosion in damaged forests. It also may provides ground cover and forage for livestock and wild animals. The types of fuels that can be created include biodiesel, methanol, methane gas and hydrogen.
This plan could be implemented in a year and has the potential to fill many revenue needs. The plan will need to be treated like a business and will require support from the citizens to be put into practice. We will continue to follow the progress of this plan and report on future developments.
It is time has for local communities to take back control of their lands. Returning them to the production capabilities that nature intended.
Check out the following Links:
First :
www.sciam.corn/article.cfm?id=grass-makes-better-ethanol-corn
Second
http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/switgrs.html
Third:
http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/switchgrass.html
Fourth
http://uwtz.org/programs/displayevent.aspx?rID=16194
The Arizona Sentinal
You, know if you just wait long enough things have a way of getting it right. Many here in Arizona were praying, keeping their fingers crossed that Obama would take Napolitano to Washington, and sure enough he did. I wrote Obama’s transition team and suggested that she would make a good ambassador for Somalia. Well, he went even one better and made her top cop in the Department of Homeland Security. Why was that better, well, look at this recent so-called assessment were she accuses right minded conservatives as terrorist. The results I hope will be that the Democrats in Congress, both houses will demand her resignation. If they don’t the mid term elections will blow them all away. Because many Conservative, Veteran, Democrats will not put up with this idiot pushing her North American Union agenda down the road. Napolitano needs to join the unemployment rolls. She has no pension folks, and I for one dont want to pay for one. Lets get rid of her before she becomes more of a threat to our country. America you must remember where this idiot was before her move to Arizona to run for Governor, She was the legal counsel for the Anita Hill fiasco during the Justice Thomas confirmation hearings. Which was a disgrace and a black mark on America? Obama has allowed his vetters to bring in people that will in the end or destroy his administration. Im going to stick with my prediction, that with in the first two years of Obama, members of his own congressional party will be demanding his resignation. His recent actions and words on foreign shores are an embarrassment to all Americans. The American Legion and VFW are stepping up and letting their voice be heard in defiance DHS and of this administration. Isn’t it fascinating, that the left, socialist, wing of the democratic party are just furious that they have been upstaged by solid Americans complaining about a runaway government. I find it interesting that the crowds last week were of legal Americans, What it pointed out to me was that the only crowds that the left wing socialist can gather are of illegal aliens mixed with ACORN and LARAZA. The distinction is striking. And for all you parents and grand parents that get this, you need to point that out to your college students that voted for socialism. One more point about the DHS document. If the Federal Government wants a social, civilian problem, producing anti American documents will get the job done. Apparently you havnt learned anything from history. Tyranny by an over reaching federal government will not be tolerated in America. The states, now 33 are standing up and more will follow, sending the message that you, the federal government are in power because the states have given you that power which they can then take away. You in Washington work for the states, The states do not work for you, You will do as states say or they will retract that power. Texas Gov has voiced the views of now those 33 states. The next two years are going to be great for America. The Revolution is in its second phase. First we had to renounce the Republicans, the Democrats are next. Long Live the Constitution FEDUPREPVET The Third Party Movement is on the Move
The Arizona Sentinel
Kuddos to Micheal Savage. Janet Napolitano will soon join the unemployed. Being anti American will eventually end a career. And hers is winding down. This Janet just like the other Janet were and are a major threat to National Security, and a peaceful nation. Be careful Janet you are treading on a lot of solid Americans. If your smart you will resign on Monday.
FEDUPREPVET ——————————————————————————– ——————————————————————————– LAW OF THE LAND
Savage sues Napolitano for targeting vets DHS report ‘would have admiration of any current or past dictator’ ——————————————————————————– Posted: April 17, 2009 12:00 am Eastern By Bob Unruh © 2009 WorldNetDaily Radio talk show icon Michael Savage has teamed up with the Thomas More Law Center of Ann Arbor, Mich., to file a lawsuit against Department of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano. “It is a civil rights action brought under the First and Fifth Amendments to the United States Constitution, challenging the policy, practice, and custom of the United States Government that targets for disfavored treatment those individuals and groups that are considered to be ‘rightwing extremists,’” the complaint announced today said. The federal agency recently targeted those individuals in its report called “Rightwing Extremism: Current Economic and Political Climate Fueling Resurgence in Radicalization and Recruitment.” (Story continues below) 1957870224 According to the federal government, members of the suspect group of people include those who: Oppose restrictions on firearms Oppose lax immigration Oppose the policies of President Obama regarding immigration, citizenship and the expansion of social programs Oppose continuation of free trade agreements Oppose same-sex marriage Have paranoia of foreign regimes Fear Communist regimes Oppose one world government Bemoan the decline of U.S. stature in the world Are upset with the loss of U.S. manufacturing jobs to China and India The case seeks a declaration that the DHS policy violates the First and Fifth Amendments, a court order permanently enjoining the policy and its application to the plaintiffs’ speech and other activities, and the award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs. WND had reported earlier on the report and the reaction it has drawn, including just a day ago when the Law Center said it had submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the DHS, demanding to know why it calls Americans who oppose abortion, support the 2nd Amendment and dislike lax immigration “extremists.” “This is not an intelligence report but a diatribe against those who oppose the policies of the Obama administration,” Richard Thompson, president and chief counsel for the organization, said of the request. “It is a declaration of war against the American people and our constitution. It is a prelude to extreme gun control legislation and hate speech laws targeting Christian churches and others who oppose abortion and same sex marriage,” he continued. “The federal government should be focusing its attention on the 35 radical Muslim compounds in the U.S. training its followers on how to kidnap and kill Americans.” Are you ready for a second Declaration of Independence? Sign the petition promoting true freedom once again! Amy Kudwa, a spokeswoman for the DHS, said the agency as a matter of policy doesn’t comment on pending litigation. The lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan on behalf of Savage, Gregg Cunningham of the pro-life Center for Bio-Ethical Reform and Iraqi War Marine veteran Kevin Murray. The federal agency’s action “encourages law enforcement officers throughout the nation to target and report citizens to federal officials as suspicious rightwing extremists and potential terrorists because of their political beliefs.” “The report even admits that the department has no specific information on any plans of violence by so-called ‘rightwing extremists.’ Rather, what they do have is the expression of political opinions by certain individuals and organizations that oppose the Obama administration’s policies, and this expression is protected speech under the First Amendment,” Thompson said. “Janet Napolitano is lying to the American people when she says the report is not based on ideology or political beliefs. In fact, her report would have the admiration of any current or past dictator in the way it targets political opponents,” he said. The action alleges the policy “is a tool of intimidation for federal, state, and local government officials. It provides a basis for government officials to abuse their positions of power to stifle political opinion and opposition.” “Pursuant to the ‘Rightwing Extremism Policy,’ federal officias will work with state, local, tribal, and private sector entities to conduct surveillance and to gather information in order to deter the activities of those individuals and groups considered to be ‘rightwing extremists,’” the case said. The agency’s intention is to enforce the policy through “state and local fusion centers, which are local intelligence centers created by DHS to combat ‘terrorism’ and related activities that are deemed to be ‘criminal,’” the case said. Napolitano, on a Fox News appearance today, backtracked a little, saying, “To the extent veterans read it as an accusation … an apology is owed.” ——————————————————————————– Related offers: Get “Bankruptcy of Our Nation” by Jerry Robinson and find out how to protect yourself in the economic crisis. Get the book that blew the lid off the plot for merger with Canada and Mexico – “The Late Great USA,” by Jerome Corsi, now in paperback. Get the DVD video version of “The Late Great USA,” told through the eyes of Jerome Corsi. How can Americans take back their nation? Learn how to revive freedom, decency and justice. Get Joseph Farah’s “Taking America Back” – autographed exclusively at WND! Congressman Tom Tancredo warns: Your country is ‘In Mortal Danger’ ——————————————————————————– Previous stories: Why call Americans ‘extremists?’ DHS asked State drops warning over militia members Hedgecock seeks popular uprising ——————————————————————————– Previous commentary: Disagree with Obama? Gov’t has eyes on you ——————————————————————————– Bob Unruh is a news editor for WorldNetDaily.com. ——————————————————————————– Receive Notifications of Incoming Messages
The Arizona Sentinel
You have to say one thing for Obama , he likes to travel. Lets hope this trip to mexico is more productive than his G-20 summit. Hopefully he wont bow to this fella Calderon. I hope that Obama will be able to see thru the fraud that the Mexican governments have been spewing for the past 40 years. One issue that should pop out above others is this emphasis over the assault weapons ban. The Mexican Attorney General is quoted as saying that the United States needs to do more to stop the sale of guns, not just the transport.
Well first of all , the transport issue is a total fabrication. Most of these weapons that the cartels are using are brought in from China, Russia, Venezuela ,Guatemala and other countries south of Mexico. He goes on to say that “For Mexico, the number one priority is guns, the number 2 issue is guns and the number 3 issue is guns”. Here is why he wants to get rid of the guns.
You see before the MS.13 and other South American Country gangs got involved the mexicans had the drug trade all to themselves. They allowed no guns so there were few situations in the movement of maryjo and meth. And the political leaders were able to skim off the top of the drug trade with impunity until someone got ticked off and went public and then the so called corrupt politician would be made a escape goat and the rest would continue doing what they were doing. But now its a different story, the mexicans politicians are competing with the likes of MS-13. And guess what they have the guns. So you ask how do you know. Well listen up!!!
In the early 70′s when I first started selling aircraft , we were selling light single engine aircraft to American pilots, mostly back from Viet Nam,. They were flying household appliances, mostly air conditioners, small refrigerators, and stoves, like you see in RV’s and small campers into mexico. At night mostly , below radar in to strips for cash,.. The local politicians and law enforcement were involved.
Some so called honest mexican cops would try to shoot the aircraft down especially on the way in so as to capture the load.(Remember civilians in mexico cant have guns). I know because some of the aircraft we took back in trade had holes in them.
They want the guns gone thinking that Gangs and Cartels will then leave , and the mexicans can have there drug trade back all to themselves. Its Elementary Watson!!!!!
Vincente Fox and this fella Calderon have and are playing the U.S. Federal government for fools,.. And rightfully so , because at least until we see what Obama does when he comes back. Will we know if he took a bite of the same apple that bush did. We will see if Obama can, you know, look into Calderons eyes and see his soul. Obama had the good sense to stop funding the mexican junk truck program that bush and peters shoved down our throats. Only God knows what came into the country in those mexican trucks. Rumors are there is a new program in the works,.. I hope it involves getting rid of Nafta .
Calderon says that Mexico is not a failed state. Here is the truth bud, your country failed a long time ago,. Why else do millions of your citizens risk their lives to get on the northern side of the border, other than to take control of the United States. Its one or the other you pickit.
And if there was any money to be had in Mexico the drug cartels wouldn’t bother with the U.S. After all we have all the guns. You go where the money is!!!
Calderon has been putting up a good front in a so called drug war. But so has the U.S.. Bottom line if either one of these countries wanted to end the drug war they could have done it 30 years ago. Money, Money, Money, and corrupt paid for politicians, law enforcement personnel. Doubt any of this just go back and start reading papers of 10-20-30 years ago.
Here is what Obama should offer Calderon,. A fleet of U.S. Army , Marine Black Hawk choppers operating with a 10 mile area south of the border. With orders ” Shoot to Kill” Locate , Identify, when it moves Kill it.” . We reduced the use of aircraft in the 70′s’80′s and 90′s with the force down technic’s used by DEA and Customs pilots,. I always wanted to go to work flying for DEA, but couldn’t leave the business.
If we are going to turn this country around, we are going to have to , grow, or produce it here first. We are going to have manufacture it and sell it here first. Whats left over can leave the country. We are going to be going thru a massive scaling back in every sector of the economy. Over the next three quarters we are going to continue to see unemployment numbers at record levels,. And many business’s will be closing at will or due to bankruptcy. All because of cheap , easy money. Unfortunately we haven’t learned our lesson because again, the fed is keeping rates at a “lets do it all over again” level. Now that America has realized that whoops we totally screwed up the 08 elections,. The mid terms will bring the country back to the middle. The old corrupt politicians will go into the history books and fresh new blood will come in and stop the insanity. XXXXXX The good news is millions of illegals and immigrants will leave the country on their own. With luck somewhere between 50 and 100 million will go home. And at some point , probably after the mid term elections the printing press will come to a grinding STOP!
Someone sent me an email today saying that Arizona Senators McCain and Kyle were asking for the National Guard on the border. Well whooptido,. Where the hell have they been the last twenty years , especially the last eight. Like everything else with these two late comers, there time for leadership has come and gone.
I also heard that Napolitano was considering moving the guard to the border, in her defense she did ask bush for that when she was Arizona’s top dog. So, Im gonna have to eat some humble pie if she does her job and puts some uniforms on the border. The question I have is , if she uses any returning vets from Iraq, how will she screen out the terrorist and right wing wacko’s.
((
Mr. President , I know some of your folks are reading my babble, tell them to take the time to watch the border videos. Under the Must watch videos. Showing the drug cartel and gang members, the women and small kids that are making their way thru the desert, risking,hypothermia,death,dysentary, rape,snake bite or lunch for the mountain lions. Not to mention the tons of trash, that they leave all over the place, and the damage they to do private property, that you are sworn to protect. You never hear about those but they are happening. And hey I like the high speed rail plan, lets get our budget balanced and then go for it.
FEDUPREPVET
hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected, whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & Perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States, that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. — And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.
New Hampshire:
Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton
Massachusetts:
John Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry
Rhode Island:
Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery
Connecticut:
Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott
New York:
William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris
New Jersey:
Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark
Pennsylvania:
Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross
Delaware:
Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean
Maryland:
Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Virginia:
George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton
North Carolina:
William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn
South Carolina:
Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton
Georgia:
Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton
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